Description
In this context, cultural control refers to delayed sowing in horticultural crops, allowing time for pre-sowing weed control through mechanical or other non-chemical methods before the crop is established.
Explanation
This is a widely used method in Sweden to reduce herbicide use in horticulture. While already adopted by many growers, further research and knowledge-sharing are needed to optimise its effectiveness under varying conditions.
Advantages
• Under favourable conditions, delayed sowing is effective for weed control.
• May reduce the need for manual labour in weed management.
• Not highly labour-intensive; can be integrated into standard practice, often with just weed harrowing.
• Can significantly reduce herbicide use, contributing to increased biodiversity and more sustainable farming.
Drawbacks
• Effectiveness is reduced in unfavourable weather conditions, such as overly wet or dry periods.
• No major socio-economic drawbacks identified.
• Under poor weather conditions, delayed sowing may result in lower yields or reduced crop quality.
• Weed harrowing can be time-consuming during already busy periods.
• Repeated harrowing may reduce soil organic matter and negatively affect soil health over time.
Technical Aspects
Technical readiness
High. The approach does not require complex or expensive machinery—basic tools like a weed harrow are sufficient.
Ease and efficiency of implementation
The method is easy to adopt in principle, but efficiency depends heavily on factors such as crop type, weather conditions, and the skill of the operator.
Need for training and education
High. Joining an ERFA group (experience-sharing network) or seeking advice from agricultural consultants is strongly recommended to improve outcomes and tailor the method to specific farm conditions.
Need for investments
Low. The main equipment required is a weed harrow, which is relatively inexpensive compared to other weed control technologies.
Policy Recommendations
Encourage on-farm demonstrations and peer learning through farmer networks. Support the formation and participation in ERFA groups, as shared knowledge and experience are key to successfully implementing this practice, especially given its variable results.