Technical readiness
This group of techniques is well known, widely available on the market, and easily scalable at the farm level.
Ease and efficiency of implementation
Under-row mechanical weed control can be challenging in hilly vineyards with steep slopes. In stony soils, there is a heightened risk of equipment damage. High-density vineyards with short vine spacing further complicate machinery use. Additionally, when cover crops are sown in alternate rows, it becomes difficult to manage weed control on both sides of the row.
Need for training and education
Demonstration activities are essential to share knowledge about new tools and practices related to mechanical weed control. Training should also address local pedoclimatic conditions to guide farmers in selecting the appropriate equipment and timing for weed management operations.
