Advantages
Fast-growing species effectively suppress annual weeds, contributing to improved weed management.
No dedicated machinery is required for green manuring, reducing equipment-related costs and making it accessible to more growers.
The practice is easy to implement and can be particularly effective for managing low-vigour vines in low-fertility soils.
Legume species, in particular, provide an immediate nitrogen boost to vines. Over time, green manures improve soil structure and fertility by increasing organic matter content and enhancing nutrient retention.
Drawbacks
In stony soils, reduced root development can limit biomass production, decreasing the overall effectiveness of weed suppression and soil improvement.
The high cost of seeds, especially in organic systems, can be a barrier to adoption.
Clayey and stony soils present operational challenges for both seedbed preparation and green manure management, potentially limiting implementation.
There is a risk of water loss, and rapid mineralization of organic matter may lead to a decline in soil fertility over time if not properly managed.
Technical Aspects
Technical readiness
This is a well-established and scalable technique, commonly used throughout Italy.
Ease and efficiency of implementation
The technique is highly efficient and easy to implement under most conditions. However, challenges may arise in stony soils. Additionally, rapid mineralization of organic matter, if not carefully managed, can lead to long-term fertility loss.
Need for training and education
There has been no significant indication of the need to expand training or educational programs for this practice.
Need for investments
Subsidies or financial support are essential to offset the cost of seeds, which is key to encouraging wider adoption and realizing the long-term benefits of green manuring.